History of flight from the year you were born
History of flight from the year you were born
The dawn of dates back to 1903 with the ambitious Wright brothers taking flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. To chart the course of the industry since, compiled milestones from The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics' . The past century of flight has certainly been a wild ride of filled with soaring heights and dramatic turbulence: These historic moments include advancements in military planes, inventions that seemed at the time to have been plucked from the pages of sci-fi comics, record-setting achievements, and various flight disasters. In 2020 alone, we've seen the first pilotless air taxi take off in the United States and of its popular and otherwise enduring 747 amid budget cuts and layoffs.
Keep reading to brush up on your aviation history, learn about iconic events that shaped the world of flight over the last century, and see just how far flying has come.
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1919: The first nonstop transatlantic flight is completed
From June 14 to 15, 1919, all eyes were on the skies as British Capt. John Alcock and Lt. Albert Brown attempted and completed a flight from Newfoundland to Ireland. This marked the world鈥檚 first transatlantic flight, though many associate the feat with Charles Lindbergh. Lindbergh was the first to cross the Atlantic solo. Alcock and Brown , a large aircraft developed for World War I, but not ready for use until after the war鈥攖hus, never seeing action over Europe.
1920: First transcontinental air mail service
In a world where Amazon can deliver anything your heart could desire within the same day, it鈥檚 hard to remember that there was a time when mail traveled by train across the country. That changed in 1920 when the first transcontinental air mail service delivered mail from San Francisco to New York on Feb. 22. The trip took , which was close to three days faster than mail service via rail.
1921: First African-American woman gets her pilot's license
When the flight schools in the United States denied Bessie Coleman entry because of her race and gender, she taught herself French and moved to France to study at . On June 15, 1921, Bessie became the first African-American woman to earn a pilot鈥檚 license, making her a pioneer in the field of aviation.
1922: Parachute jump record is broken
On June 12, 1922, Capt. Albert Williams Stevens of the United States Army Air Service parachuted 24,200 feet out of a bomber. It was , almost five vertical miles, with Capt. Stevens landing 25 miles from where his jump began. He reportedly suffered from motion sickness during the jump, and dislocated his toes on the landing. One has to imagine it was all worth it for the nickname "Stratosphere Stevens.鈥
1923: First successful in-flight refueling
The year 1923 was a big one for Lt. Lowell Smith and Lt. John Richter. On June 27, they completed while flying over Rockwell Field. The breakthrough allowed U.S. Army Corps lieutenants to then set an endurance record of 37 hours on Aug. 23.
1924: First circumnavigation of the globe by air
It took , but on Sept. 28, 1924, two airplanes touched back down in Seattle, completing the first round-the-world flight. The feat had begun the previous April with four planes and eight U.S. Army Air Service pilots, but the journey was completed by only two of the planes and four of the pilots.
1925: 'Recording compass' transcribes airplane's headings
In 1925, the U.S. Army Air Service began using the "recording compass,鈥 which was a device that could record the headings that an airplane would fly. The military intention behind the recording compass was to to be bombed, and to help pilots navigate their return trips.
1926: First flight over the North Pole and planes falling from the sky...on purpose
Floyd Bennett had a good 1926: On May 9, he piloted over the North Pole. He would later have a good 1931, when an airport in Brooklyn was named after him. Another 1926 milestone was the at San Diego Naval Air Station鈥攖he first time this had been done successfully.
1927: Year of Lindy
Even beyond aviation history, 1927 holds a special place in U.S. history as it was the year that Charles Lindbergh manned the first solo flight across the Atlantic. Flying the Spirit of St. Louis, Lindbergh departed Long Island on May 20 and . This flight changed the course of history.
1928: Amelia Earhart crosses the Atlantic
Although not exactly the feat that it seems, Amelia Earhart gained widespread fame in 1928 for being the first woman to cross the Atlantic. To clarify, Earhart was a passenger on the flight that was piloted by Wilmer Stultz and Lou Gordon. Earhart had been promised some time to pilot the plane, but that never ended up happening during the flight, and she would later say
1929: Graf Zeppelin breaks multiple records
1929 was a year in which one dirigible broke three records. At William Randolph Hearst鈥檚 behest, Ferdinand von Zeppelin (the inventor of dirigibles) piloted the first circumnavigation of the globe in a dirigible airship, . The trip was broken into four legs, and Hearst鈥檚 guests aboard included Lady Grace Drummond Hay, making her the first woman to circumnavigate the globe. One of the legs of the trip was flying from Tokyo to California, which made the Graf Zeppelin the first aircraft of any type to fly nonstop across the Pacific.
1930: First east-west transatlantic flight is completed
French pilot Dieudonn茅 Coste and French navigator Maurice Bellonte and took off on Sept. 1, 1930, from France, heading for New York. When they touched down in Long Island, they were greeted as heroes as they had just completed the first east-to-west transatlantic flight.
1931: Around the world in eight days
Though there had been circumnavigation of the globe prior to 1931, this year brought a new record with the help of the Lockheed 5C Vega plane, the Winnie Mae of Oklahoma. Piloted by Wiley Post and navigated by Harold Gatty, the duo took the plane , which was the fastest circumnavigation to date.
1932: Amelia Earhart makes history twice
It was five years to the day that Charles Lindbergh had crossed the Atlantic in the Spirit of St. Louis. No pilot had since been able to . Enter Amelia Earhart, who had already made history in 1928 as the first female passenger on a transatlantic flight. In 1932 she would pilot a Lockheed Vega airplane from Newfoundland to Ireland in 15 hours, becoming and the first pilot to do so after Lindbergh. Later in 1932, Earhart would also be the first woman to pilot a solo nonstop flight across the United States.
1933: First solo flight around the world
Wiley Post and his plane the Winnie Mae were not done making history in 1931. On July 22, 1933, Post became be the first pilot to fly solo around the globe. Not only was this the first flight, but he and The Winnie Mae did it the fastest by completing the journey in seven days, breaking the previous 1931 record of eight days. The flight was more than just record-breaking, though: It also marked like autopilot and radio direction finder.
1934: Air Mail scandal and subsequent Air Mail Act of 1934
As monopolies go, one might not guess that there is much to be gained in the world of Air Mail. However, when Postmaster General Walter Brown was doling out Air Mail contracts in 1930, he seemed to be favoring three big airlines. In February 1934, the scandal was put to rest with President Franklin D. Roosevelt returning Air Mail service to the Army Air Corps. Unfortunately the Air Corps did not have the necessary means and equipment for the job, and multiple deaths and accidents led to the Air Mail Act of 1934, making multiple departments responsible for assigning Air Mail contracts.
1935: DC-3 first flight and more Earhart records
The Douglas DC-3 plane, considered , took off in 1935 from Santa Monica, Calif. Also of note in 1935, Amelia Earhart became from Hawaii to the continental U.S., as well as the first pilot to fly the south-north route between Mexico City and New Jersey nonstop.
1936: Lockheed builds the first pressurized cabin
Though the aircraft wouldn鈥檛 take its maiden flight until the following year, 1936 saw the construction of . The contract to build the aircraft in 1936, who would then deliver the XC-35. Cabin pressurization was pivotal in flight, as it meant that pilots (and passengers) could fly above 15,000 without oxygen masks or suits.
1937: "Oh, the humanity!"
As the world was creeping closer to a second World War, 1937 was likewise an ominous year in air travel. In May, the Nazi German dirigible as it was completing its journey from Frankfurt to New Jersey. The largest blimp of its kind, the Hindenburg plummeted 200 feet to the ground as nearby radio announcer Herb Morrison cried out "Oh, the humanity!鈥 1937 was also the tragic year that Amelia Earhart disappeared while attempting to fly across the world.
1938: Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938
President Franklin Roosevelt was not yet occupied with a deadly war in 1938. It was then that he signed the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938 into existence. The act transferred non-military aviation responsibilities to a new, independent federal agency. The Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA) was such given such roles as for individual carriers.
1939: First jet-powered airplane takes flight
On Aug. 27, 1939, the Heinkel He 178, , took flight from Rostock, Germany. Produced in Nazi Germany by the Heinkel company and engineered by Dr. Hans Pabst von Ohain, the maiden voyage of the He 178 ended abruptly with a bird causing the engine to flame out. A week later to the date, World War II began.
1940: First pressurized cabin in a commercial airliner
The Boeing Model 307 Stratoliner was to feature a pressurized cabin. In 1940, Stratoliners started routes to Latin American and between New York and Los Angeles. Being able to fly above inclement weather at 20,000 feet was a game-changer for the aviation industry.
1941: Tuskegee Airmen unit is formed
With World War II looming for the United States, the decision was made to and mechanics. In 1941, a new base in Tuskegee, Ala., became the training center of the effort. The pilots and air personnel, known as the Tuskegee Airmen, would go on to fight in various theaters of World War II.
1942: First U.S. air engagement in World War II
Just a few short months after the surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise made a move on the Marshall Islands on Feb. 1, 1942. The Enterprise鈥檚 aircraft sank three Japanese ships, damaged another eight, and destroyed various enemy aircraft.
1943: First U.S. President to fly in wartime
In 1943, President Roosevelt became and fly in wartime. He boarded a commercial airline and flew to Casablanca, Morocco, to have a strategy meeting with Winston Churchill.
1944: D-Day
On the morning of June 6, 1944, Allied forces stormed the beach at Normandy by sea and sky in an operation that would become D-Day. The , more than 13,000 Allied aircraft participated in D-Day, both in bombing enemies from above and in dropping paratroopers behind enemy lines.
1945: Enola Gay drops the first atomic bomb
The Enola Gay was a Boeing B-29 bomber that would become the most famous plane in the world, flown on Aug. 6, 1945, to carry and on Hiroshima, Japan. The atomic bomb killed 80,000 people immediately and wiped out 90% of the city鈥檚 infrastructure. On Aug. 9, a second B-29 bomber would drop another atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki, killing 40,000 people that day. Japan would surrender six days later on Aug. 15, 1945.
1946: Radio-flown airplanes and air museum established
In August 1946, well before self-driving cars, were flown nonstop from Hawaii to California controlled entirely by radio. Also of note that same month, President Harry Truman allocated $50,000 to begin the .
1947: Faster than the speed of sound
On Oct. 14, 1947 a secret project was underway in California with a B-29 bomber climbing to an altitude of 25,000 feet. The bomber opened the bomb bay and in an X-1 rocket plane. Yeager would climb to 40,000 feet and break the sound barrier for the first time ever. Traveling faster than the speed of sound was likely child鈥檚 play for , who had flown 64 missions over Europe in the war and been shot down over France.
1948: Death of flight pioneer and the Berlin Airlift
On Jan. 30, 1948, the world lost to a heart attack. Later in the year on June 24, a crisis began in Berlin as Soviet forces blockaded access to supplies from Allied-occupied Berlin. So began the "Berlin Airlift," during which the United States and United Kingdom began to their forces in Berlin.
1949: Lucky Lady, indeed
On March 2, 1949, a Boeing B-50A Superfortress plane nicknamed Lucky Lady II landed after completing the first nonstop round-the-world flight. Piloted by Air Force Capt. James Gallagher, and completed its trek around the globe in 94 uninterrupted hours.
1950: Automatic pilot for helicopter
In August 1950, the U.S. Navy began testing . The initial test took place in Mustin Field in Pennsylvania, and later that September a helicopter successfully flew using only the automatic pilot.
1951: First helicopter flight with a gas turbine engine
Prior to 1951, helicopters were powered by reciprocating engines. The Kaman K-225 changed all that, and in 1951 became the first helicopter to fly . It was fitted with a Boeing-502 engine, and forever changed how helicopters would fly.
1952: Two monkeys and two mice make it to space and back
After two failed U.S. attempts in 1951 to launch and return them safely to Earth, the Aerobee-26 rocket launched on May 21, 1952 from Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico. The passengers鈥攖wo monkeys and two mice鈥攎ade it to space and back with no problems. This successful launch paved the way for further space travel, and proved that living beings could survive such a launch with U.S. technology.
1953: Mach 2 is achieved
Albert Scott Crossfield was a in World War II, and spent countless hours in the air, though he never saw battle. After the war, he became a test pilot for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. On Nov. 20, 1953 Crossfield became the first person to achieve Mach 2; flying twice as fast as the speed of sound.
1954: Boeing 707 makes its first test flight
The age of passenger jet travel was near, and 1954 sealed the deal. On July 15, the Boeing 707 from Renton Field, south of Seattle, and the rest is history. Even though Boeing was not the first to create a passenger jet, it was the 707 that has been credited with popularizing passenger jet travel.
1955: First United States Air Force Academy class
Even though the location was temporary, on July 11, 1955, the at Lowry Air Force base in Denver, Colorado. The original class consisted of 306 cadets, and the academy itself would ultimately be located in Colorado Springs.
1956: One of the worst commercial airline accidents
On June 30, 1956, after one of the aircraft had asked permission to fly above turbulence and the second plane had not been notified of the change. Everyone onboard each plane was killed, but some good did ultimately come out of it: See 1958 to find out what that positive take-away was.
1957: Year of Sputnik
The beginning of the space age was ushered in with the successful launch of Sputnik 1, , on Oct. 4, 1957. Sputnik 1 was the size of a beach ball, and on Nov. 3, 1957, a larger satellite was launched; Sputnik 2. The second Sputnik , who became the first living being in Earth鈥檚 orbit. Sadly, Laika also became the first living being to die in Earth鈥檚 orbit; after the start of the mission.
1958: FAA is created
After the collision disaster over the Grand Canyon (see 1956), the country found itself faced with an aeronautical wake-up call. On May 21, 1958, Senator A.S. "Mike" Monroney of Oklahoma submitted a bill to create to control the national airspace. The Federal Aviation Act was signed by President Dwight Eisenhower, and the FAA was born.
1959: The day the music died
Don Mclean's epic song "American Pie鈥 centers around a along with pilot Richard Peterson. Holly chartered a plane on Feb. 3 from Clear Lake, Idaho, to take him to Fargo, North Dakota; the plane crashed minutes after take-off, killing all four on board.
1960: Francis Gary Powers is captured
In lieu of an , the United States had come to rely on spy missions with high flying U-2 planes. On May 1, 1960, one such plane was shot down over Soviet airspace, and CIA pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured. He was sentenced to after President Eisenhower refused to apologize for spying.
1961: First humans in space
On April 12, 1961, space got its first look at humans. Russian cosmonaut , orbiting Earth on the Vostok 1. Less than a month later on May 5, Alan Shepard became the first American in space. Shepard traveled to infinity and beyond in the Freedom 7 capsule on a 15-minute suborbital flight.
1962: First aircraft combat fatalities in Vietnam
Though the conflict in Vietnam had already been brewing and still had many years of combat ahead, 1962 saw in Vietnam. An H-21C Shawnee transport helicopter, was shot down by the Viet Cong in South Vietnam. Three soldiers were killed.
1963: First woman in space
Russia beat the United States by 20 years when it came to sending a woman to space. On July 16, 1963, Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman in space. She piloted the Vostok 6 and .
1964: Year of the flying woman
After 29 days, 11 hours, and 59 minutes, Geraldine "Jerrie鈥 Mock became when she touched down in Ohio on April 17, 1964. Within the same year, another woman became the fastest female pilot in the world. Jackie Cochran in a F104G-Super Star jet.
1965: Operation Rolling Thunder begins
The Johnson administration switched strategy courses in the Vietnam War and began an all-out aerial strike on the Viet Cong. began on March 2, 1965, and was meant to encourage North Vietnamese leaders to end the conflict against South Vietnam, cut off transport capabilities of North Vietnam, and act as a morale booster for South Vietnam.
1966: World鈥檚 first 'jumbo jet' announced
Though it would be three years before one would actually hit the sky, was announced in April 1966. The first-ever 鈥渏umbo jet,鈥 the 747 was as tall as a six-story building, had two floors and 490 seats, and was the .
1967: First Boeing 737 takes flight
in comparison to the company鈥檚 other models, the Boeing 737 was a commercial twinjet that was christened on Jan. 17, 1967. Certainly no baby, the 737 was as long as it was wide, and had seating for six across instead of five. Thanks to new technology, the flight engineer was no longer a necessary position and the two-seat flight deck of the 737 became an industry standard.
1968: Tower Bridge of London gets a fly-through
In 1968, Royal Air Force pilot Alan Pollock took protesting to a new level鈥攐r rather, a new altitude. In protest of the sitting government in the U.K. and lack of a celebration and flypast for , Pollock took things into his own hands and flew his plane low throughout the city. After flying around Parliament and trying to find 10 Downing Street, . He was, somewhat predictably, court marshalled upon landing.
1969: One small step for man...
Apollo 11 blasted off on its historic journey on July 16, 1969. Four days later, as the world watched by television, astronaut Neil Armstrong became followed closely by astronaut Buzz Aldrin. The Apollo 11 command module in the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
1970: 747 is introduced into service
Pan American World Airways was the first airline to introduce the Boeing 747 jumbo jet into service. On Jan. 22, 1970, service between New York and London began on the airline , the 747. Pan Am placed an order for 25 of the jets when they were first unveiled years earlier: a record breaking order at the time.
1971: D.B. Cooper gets away
On Nov. 24, 1971, one of the strangest plane hijackings in history took place on a Northwest Orient flight from Seattle to Portland. A man who went by on his one-way ticket hijacked the aircraft before take-off, Once he had secured the money and parachutes, he demanded the plane take off, then parachuted out the back stairs of the plane, never to be seen again. It is the in history.
1972: Last Apollo mission
Apollo 17 was the first mission to , and the last mission to ever go to the moon. The Apollo 17 mission made Eugene Cernan the last man to ever walk on the moon. No one has been back since Dec. 14, 1972.
1973: Flight of the Concorde
The Concorde was the first supersonic passenger jet, boasting travel faster than Mach 2. Beyond setting speed records, it was also the first time to build an aircraft; four companies from France and Great Britain collaborated on the jet. On Sept. 26, 1973, the Concorde made its first transatlantic crossing.
1974: First woman Army aviator
Col. Sally D. Murphy became the Army鈥檚 first aviator when she graduated from the Army Aviation School on June 4, 1974. She was both the and fixed-wing pilot.
1975: Plane hijackers are executed
Plane hijackings , and on March 1, three Iraqi men added to the statistic by hijacking an Iraqi plane and demanding it land in Iran. One of the hijackers died during the event, but in Tehran upon landing. On April 8, 1975 these two men would become the first plane hijackers to ever be sentenced to death.
1976: Concorde begins its passenger service
Air France and British Airways began their regular passenger service on the supersonic Concorde in 1976. It had been three years since the Concorde鈥檚 transatlantic crossing (see: 1973), and the time had finally come for paying customers to step aboard. were from London to Bahrain and Paris to Rio de Janeiro.
1977: First Minimum Safe Altitude Warning System (MSAW)
Though the Minimum Safe Altitude Warning System had been introduced the previous year, it wasn鈥檛 until Oct. 28, 1977, that it was . The MSAW measured a plane鈥檚 altitude against terrain maps stored in the plane鈥檚 computer. MSAW: Never fly home without it.
1978: Korean Air flight shot down over Soviet Union
A navigational error on Korean Air flight 902 ended up costing the plane its left wing and two passengers their lives. On April 20, 1978, the Boeing 707 drifted into Soviet Airspace when attempting to land in Anchorage. A Soviet fighter jet , which damaged the left wing and punctured the fuselage, killing two passengers. The pilot ended up landing on a frozen lake 鈥 by the Soviets.
1979: Gossamer Albatross crosses the English Channel
In the midst of an era of aviation technology advancements, 1979 saw an aviation record set having nothing to do with navigation or speed. June 12 was the : the Gossamer Albatross. Cue the joke, "I just flew in 鈥 my legs are tired.鈥
1980: First women graduate from the U.S. Air Force Academy
After President Gerald Ford signed legislation in 1975 allowing women to enter the military, the United States Air Force Academy admitted its . Four years later in 1980, they would become the first female graduates of the Academy. Included in this graduating class was who would become the Academy鈥檚 first female superintendent.
1981: First flight of a space shuttle
On April 12, 1981, NASA launched a test ride of the world鈥檚 first space shuttle, the Space Shuttle Columbia. Space shuttles revolutionized space travel, as they were the . The shuttles were launched into space by boosters, orbited in space, and then returned to Earth, landing like planes.
1982: A brutal January
1982 had just begun when two freak commercial airline accidents ended in bodies of water. On Jan. 13, took off in Washington D.C., failed to maintain altitude, crashed into the 14th Street Bridge, and ultimately ended up in the Potomac where all but five on board would perish. Just 10 days later on Jan. 23, World Airways flight 30 at Boston鈥檚 Logan airport, ending up in Boston Harbor. Two passengers were never found.
1983: Sally Ride takes a historic ride
Though she wasn't the first woman in space (see: 1963), Sally Ride became on June 18, 1963. Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, Ride was the flight engineer and one of four other astronauts. Beyond breaking the gender barrier in the American space program, Sally Ride also became the youngest American in space
1984: First all-female commercial airline crew
Frontier Airlines was on the frontier of women flight crews. On June 16, 1984, pilot Emily Warner and co-pilot Barbara Cook became in United States history. The aviators flew the Frontier Airlines Boeing 737 from Denver, Colorado, to Lexington, Kentucky.
1985: Deadliest month in commercial airline history
August of 1985 remains the deadliest month in commercial airline history, with in different disasters. Four plane crashes contribute to this statistic, the largest being a Japan Airlines flight that killed 520 people.
1986: Challenger disaster
The United States had seen aviation tragedy unfold on live television before, but no one could have prepared for Jan. 28, 1986. The country watched as the embarked on a mission with seven on board, and exploded Christa McAuliffe, a teacher from New Hampshire, was one of the seven lost, and had been set to be the first civilian in space.
1987: Mathias Rust lands a plane in Red Square
On May 28, 1989, a small Cessna plane circled Red Square and came to a landing near the Kremlin. The pilot was 19-year-old Mathias Rust, a West German who had flown the plane from Helsinki in an attempt to between the West and the Soviet bloc. The stunt鈥檚 repercussions? An 18-month jail sentence for Rust, and the immediate firing of Soviet officials seen responsible for the event.
1988: Lockerbie bombing
There were 259 passengers and crew members on Pan Am flight 103 on Dec. 21, 1988. While the 747 was flying over Lockerbie, Scotland, placed inside a cassette player in luggage was detonated. The plane exploded in the air, raining debris down on Lockerbie. All on board were killed, as well as 11 people on the ground.
1989: "Undetected inbound, unscathed outbound"
Stealth technology, or the ability to be undetected by radar, had gone through many permutations by 1989. On July 16, 1989, the latest iteration, , took its first flight. The B-2 Spirit line of stealth bombers is still in use today.
1990: Lockheed SR-71A "Blackbird" is retired
It was March 6, 1990, and was due in Washington D.C. to be retired in the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. The Blackbird made its swan song flight from Los Angeles to D.C. in one hour, four minutes, and 20 seconds, setting a new speed record.
1991: First woman to become U.S. National Aerobatic Champion
Yes, even in the 1990s there were still "firsts鈥 to be achieved for women in the aviation world. In 1991, Patty Wagstaff became the first woman to become the . She flew the Extra 260 plane and won the title again in 1992 and 1993.
1992: First flight of Space Shuttle Endeavor
In May of 1992, the Space Shuttle Endeavor took its maiden voyage. The mission involved the to retrieve a private satellite for repair. The Endeavor would go on to make across the United States 20 years later (see 2012).
1993: Black Hawk down
U.S. troops stationed in Somalia were sent on what was presumed to be a quick raid to arrest two top lieutenants of a Somali warlord. Troops in the Oct. 3, 1993, raid were hit with unrelenting ground fire and by rocket-propelled grenades. The Battle of Mogadishu, also known as Black Hawk Down, lasted 15 hours and had of U.S. troops since the Vietnam War.
1994: Maj. Jackie Parker receives Ground Breaker Award
By 1994, Jackie Parker was accustomed to being first. She was the first woman to attend U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School, the first Air National Guard woman in F-16 training, the first woman to be assigned to an F-16 fighter pilot squadron, and the first woman to be a F-16 test pilot. In June of 1994, for these achievements and others.
1995: Boeing 777 begins service
United Airlines was the first airline to order the Boeing 777, and in June of 1995, began its service with the large twin-jet. Of note, the 777 was the first airliner to be , and the first airliner to enter service with the FAA-granted .
1996: TWA Flight 800
Still considered , TWA flight 800 took off from JFK airport in New York on July 17, 1996, only to over water near Long Island. All 230 people on board died, and a massive investigation began. Though the investigation would ultimately rule out terrorism, there has never been a conclusive answer to what could have caused a spark in the fuel tank that supposedly resulted in the explosion.
1997: John Denver dies while piloting a plane
"Rocky Mountain High鈥 singer John Denver was piloting an when he crashed into Monterey Bay on Oct. 12, 1997. The NTSB later determined was the poor location of the fuel selector handle, which diverted Denver鈥檚 attention.
1998: Second-hand smoke on a flight results in death
Though it had been eight years since the on most domestic flights, 1998 was still two years prior to the U.S. smoking ban on international flights. On Jan. 4, 1998, a passenger with severe reactions to cigarette smoke on Olympic Airways flight 417 from Greece to New York.
1999: Another Kennedy tragedy
On July 16, 1999, John F. Kennedy Jr. was piloting a single-engine Piper Saratoga with his wife and sister-in-law on board when near Martha鈥檚 Vineyard. The cause of the crash is believed to be and poor visibility causing him to become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft.
2000: Concorde tragedy
The world鈥檚 first supersonic passenger jet from Paris on July 25, 2000. The accident was caused by a piece of debris rupturing a tire, which then punctured the Concorde鈥檚 fuel tank. All 109 on board were killed, as well as four people on the ground. The Concorde would never quite recover from the publicity of the accident.
2001: Birth of the TSA
Two months after the worst foreign attack on American soil, President George W. Bush signed into law the on Nov. 19, 2001. This act and created the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). Flying commercially would never be the same after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks and subsequent overhaul in airport security.
2002: First woman to fly in combat for the Marine Corps
Lt. Col. Amy McGrath was deployed as part of a squadron to Afghanistan in 2002. After the first few missions, McGrath recalls being informed that she was for the Marine Corps.
2003: Concorde sets a record, but it still retired
The supersonic plane the Concorde was ultimately retired on Oct. 24, 2003. After having never really recovered from the public backlash to the crash in 2000, as well as high maintenance costs, keeping the plane flying was . Yet the Concorde went out on a high note. Just 10 days prior to retirement on Oct. 14, 2003, the Concorde broke its own transatlantic speed record and reached Boston from London .
2004: First unmanned aerial vehicle missile strikes Pakistan
June 19, 2004 was the first-known unmanned aerial vehicle missile strike inside Pakistan. Commonly referred to as drones, used in this attack was a General Atomics MQ-1 "Predator.鈥 The drone fired a missile into a compound, killing a Taliban operative, and .
2005: Airbus 380 takes its maiden flight, the Boeing 757 takes a bow
The Airbus 380 is the world鈥檚 , with enough room for 525 passengers in a three-class configuration or 853 passengers in an all-economy configuration. The maiden voyage of this jumbo jet took place on April 27, 2005. Later in the year, on Nov. 28, Boeing delivered after 23 years of production.
2006: First zero-gravity surgery
On Sept. 27, 2006, the European Space Agency backed a trial surgery to remove a benign tumor on a volunteer in space-like conditions as a predictor of the future of surgeries at the International Space Station. A modified Airbus 300 flew in parabolic swoops while the surgeons operated. The swoops were repeated 32 times, and the surgery was considered a success.
2007: Virgin America begins service
On Aug. 8, 2007, Richard Branson鈥檚 start-up airline, Virgin America, took its first flight. The airline鈥檚 goal was to " The unintended consequence of the airline鈥檚 launch was the impact it had on the industry鈥檚 .
2008: Peggy Whitson is the spaciest
When astronaut Peggy A. Whitson returned to Earth in 2008 after acting as Station Commander for Expedition 16, she had spent 鈥攁 record at the time for women. She currently holds the U.S. record for most days spent in space: .
2009: Miracle on the Hudson
Anyone around on Jan. 15, 2009, probably remembers the live news feed of a commercial airliner in the middle of the Hudson River with passengers standing on each wing. Capt. Chesley "Sully鈥 Sullenberger made the emergency landing of the U.S. Airways jet after a bird strike . Sully was hailed as a hero: Not a single life was lost in the
2010: "The Barefoot Bandit" goes to the Bahamas
A troubled teen, known as "The Barefoot Bandit鈥 for carrying out various crimes while not wearing shoes, stole a Cessna 400 from an Indiana airport on July 4, 2010. Having taught , he piloted the plane to the Bahamas, where he crash landed and proceeded to elude authorities for a week before being taken into custody.
2011: Osama Bin Laden raid
In the early hours of May 2, 2011, two MH-X stealth Black Hawk helicopters delivered 23 Navy SEALS into a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. In what would be the final moments of Osama Bin Laden鈥檚 life, one of the first things to happen in the raid was a crash-landing of one of the Black Hawks. Due to the damage and the at that time, one of the .
2012: A 747 flies the Space Shuttle Endeavor home
Just when it seemed that the 747 could not possibly get any more impressive, an entire space shuttle was attached to one. The Space Shuttle Endeavor rode on a three-day journey from Florida to California. Touching down in Los Angeles on Sept. 21, 2012, it then completed of California specifically highlighting certain landmarks such as NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Disneyland.
2013: American Airlines merger
In an , American Airlines and U.S. Airways merged on Dec. 9, 2013. The merger made American Airlines This merger was the final merger over the course of 12 years that .
2014: Malaysia Airline flight 370 disappears
A Boeing 777 en route to China from Kuala Lumpur on March 8, 2014, with 239 passengers on board disappeared from radar. The cause of the Malaysia Airlines crash, as well as the , remains a mystery. The wreckage has never been found.
2015: Falcon 9 lands successfully
Elon Musk typically makes news for reasons that vary on the spectrum of positivity. The Tesla and Space-X founder made the news for an unquestionably good reason, however, on Dec. 21, 2015 when the company鈥檚 Falcon 9 rocket successfully landed. It was the first time in history that an orbital booster was , and the first time in history a rocket was landed in an orbital launch.
2016: Air Force pilot shortage
In an official hearing on Capitol Hill on March 16, 2016, Gen. Herbert Carlisle in the U.S. Air Force. Carlisle stated that 511 more fighter pilots and almost 300 more drone pilots would become necessary in order to maintain the current Air Force engagements. The was especially short on pilots, a fact that is interesting when considering that it the program had only begun 12 years prior (see: 2004).
2017: Safest year in aviation history
One might hope that every year air travel would get safer, but that trend stopped after 2017. It was by far the safest year in aviation history, with only causing 44 deaths, none of which were on passenger jets. The following year would see .
2018: Singapore Airlines completes world's longest nonstop flight in service
Singapore Airlines in October 2018 restarted its ; a flight that took 17 hours and 25 minutes to get from Changi Airport to Newark International Airport. The airline had stopped utilizing the nonstop route in 2013 because of costs.
2019: Electric commercial plane takes test flight
Harbour Air and MagniX successfully completed a that was held at Harbour Air Seaplanes terminal near Vancouver, Canada. The test flight lasted for almost 10 minutes.
2020: First pilotless air taxi
An all-electric, two-seater, took off on a test flight in January 2020 near Raleigh, North Carolina. The plane was designed by Chinese unmanned aerial vehicle manufacturer Ehang; the flight marks the first time Ehang received permission from the FAA to fly.