Top 100 works of 20th century American journalism
Top 100 works of 20th century American journalism
The idea of sharing pertinent information with other members of society is not a new one. Journalism can be tracked back to : The "Acta Diurna" was published and presented daily to inform the public of daily events or speeches. Not every country has embraced a free press, however, and journalists in some countries put their lives on the line to share the facts with their communities.
Journalists are often criticized for their callousness, insensitivity, or perceived bias, but it's likely the majority of people who choose the profession got into it for honorable reasons, especially considering , and hours can sometimes be inflexible. Regardless of their motivations—perceived or otherwise—journalists have shaped the national conversation time and time again through their efforts.
To examine the influence of journalism in the U.S., Âé¶¹Ô´´ looked to New York University's 1999 list of the . To develop this list, 17 outside judges were chosen to work with the faculty of the university's department of journalism to determine each piece's significance. Mitchell Stephens, acting chairman of the group, noted that the list was " Instead, the list is an opportunity to discuss excellence in journalism, especially "at a time when journalism's failings receive most of the attention."
Read on to learn of the top 100 works of American journalism in the 20th century.
#100. "Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail"
Writer: Hunter S. Thompson
Year: Book, 1973
Hunter S. Thompson authored "," the pages of which are filled with Thompson's observations regarding the 1972 presidential campaign that Richard Nixon ultimately won. More than four decades later, Thompson's work "."
#99. "The Selling of the President 1968"
Writer: Joe McGinniss
Year: 1969
Author Joe McGinniss' work,"," focused on how the advertising team of President Richard Nixon " This expose highlighted just how influential a well-crafted image can be in political campaigning.
#98. Crime reporting
Writer: Damon Runyon
Year: 1926
Damon Runyon made a name for himself as a sportswriter for a Hearst-run publication when he . He eventually became known for "his vivid accounts of the shady characters who haunted its streets, arenas, racetracks, and speakeasies," according to The Denver Press Club. Runyon also covered the trial for Ruth Snyder and her lover, Henry Judd Gray, who together murdered Snyder's husband on March 20, 1927. Runyon named the case the "."
#97. Columns on race during his tenure as editor of The Crisis
Writer: W.E.B. DuBois
Year: 1910-34
from his teaching post at Atlanta University, from 1910 to 1934, W.E.B. DuBois worked as the founding editor for , the official publication for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). DuBois, the only African-American on the NAACP's original executive board, believed social science could help solve the civil rights crisis, and spent these years "."
#96. "Personal History"
Writer: Vincent Sheean
Year: 1935
"Personal History" is the memoir of Vincent Sheean, who was for a role now known as a foreign correspondent. The memoir, which journalist John Maxwell Hamilton called "," is about the first decade Sheean spent stationed in Paris.
#95. "Angela's Ashes"
Writer: Frank McCourt
Year: 1996
"" is of a man born to poverty-stricken Irish immigrants in Brooklyn, New York, during the Great Depression. Frank McCourt tells the story of his survival after he, at age 4, returned to Limerick, Ireland with his family. McCourt moved back to America at age 18, published his first book at 66 years old, and was awarded the only one year later.
#94. "The Politics of Memory"
Writer: Jane Kramer
Year: 1996
"" is a collection of essays published in The New Yorker by Jane Kramer, journalist and . Kramer —roughly seven years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
#93. "Notre Dame's 'Four Horsemen'"
Writer: Grantland Rice
Year: 1924
Following a notable victory for the Notre Dame football team in 1924, New York Herald Tribune sports writer Grantland Rice penned "Four Horsemen," a relatively short set of lines known as " Rice begins, "Outlined against a blue-gray October sky, ." The shows the quartet of backfielders on an actual horse, which was coordinated after Rice's words were published.
#92. Photograph of a Saigon execution
Writer: Eddie Adams and Vo Suu
Year: 1968
Standing on the streets of Saigon in 1968, Associated Press photographer Eddie Adams pressed his shutter at the very second a South Vietnam police chief pulled the trigger and shot a Vietcong prisoner in the head. Time named this image —it "."
#91. "The Europeans"
Writer: Jane Kramer
Year: 1988
Another collection of 30 essays by The New Yorker's Jane Kramer, "" and was nominated for the National Book Critics Circle nonfiction award. The essays were pulled from Kramer's regular column, "," which she has .
#90. "Rosa Lee's Story" in the Washington Post
Writer: Leon Dash
Year: 1994
"" is an eight-day series published in the Washington Post from Sept. 18 to Sept. 25, 1994. Investigative new reporter Leon Dash created an intimate portrait of the daily lives of Rosa Lee Cunningham and her family. This series was Dash's "." The publication received in response to the story.
#89. Coverage of the "Little Scottsboro" trial
Writer: Ted Poston
Year: 1949
Ted Poston became the when the New York Post brought him on in 1935. Poston gained recognition for his coverage of the retrial for —nine black teenagers falsely accused of the 1931 rapes of two white women in Alabama. Poston had to cover the retrial in Decatur, Alabama, from a segregated balcony, because the court failed to recognize Poston's press credentials.
#88. Report for CBS on atrocities committed by American soldiers on the hamlet of Cam Ne in Vietnam
Writer: Morley Safer
Year: 1965
Reporting from Cam Ne, Vietnam, CBS News foreign correspondent Morley Safer brought the Vietnam War onto the screens of Americans' television sets. : "The footage showed U.S. Marines torching thatched huts—using flamethrowers, Zippo lighters, and matches—as villagers stumbled from their homes in shock.
#87. "Mystery Train"
Writer: Greil Marcus
Year: 1975
Greil Marcus' "" is a collection of essays about rock 'n' roll, featuring Elvis Presley, Sly Stone, and Randy Newman. "To deal with rock & roll not as youth culture, or counterculture, but simply as American culture," in 1975 of his objective. said of Marcus' work: "Generations of fans have gotten their minds blown by it, as I did at a tender age."
#86. Series of articles on race for Harper's and Life magazines
Writer: Earl Brown
Year: 1942-44
"American Negroes and the War" (Harper's, April, 1942) and "The Negro Vote, 1944: A Forecast" (Harper's, July, 1944) are memoirs by Harlem politician and journalist Earl Brown. The writings include Brown's observations during his time as a public official, as well as ""
#85. "Picture"
Writer: Lillian Ross
Year: 1952
"" by New Yorker journalist Lillian Ross is "a closely observed and completely absorbing story of how studio politics and misguided commercialism turn a promising movie into an all-around disaster." as he sets out to rework "The Red Badge of Courage" by Stephen Crane into a film.
#84. "McSorley's Wonderful Saloon"
Writer: Joseph Mitchell
Year: 1943
Named for one of the oldest watering holes in New York City, Joseph Mitchell's "" presents a collection of stories that first appeared in The New Yorker. "The stories in both books were written before World War II and they are as good now as they were when he wrote them," said .
#83. Report of the liberation of Buchenwald
Writer: Edward R. Murrow
Year: 1945
Edward R. Murrow of CBS was the on April 12, 1945 in Weimar, Germany. viscerally described what he saw at the concentration camp.
#82. "To an Anxious Friend"
Writer: William Allen White
Year: 1922
"," published in The Emporia Gazette on July 27, 1922, won William Allen White the . The editorial advocated for freedom of speech, with White writing, "you can have no wise laws nor free entertainment of wise laws unless there is free expression of the wisdom of the people."
#81. "Klan Exposed"
Writer: Herbert Bayard Swope
Year: 1921
Led by editor Herbert Bayard Swope, New York World won the for exposing the operations of the Ku Klux Klan. The read: "Secrets of the Ku Klux Klan exposed by the world; menace of this growing law-defying organization proved by its ritual and the record of its activities."
#80. "The Two Worlds of Linda Fitzpatrick," in the New York Times
Writer: J. Anthony Lukas
Year: 1967
"," about the life and death of an affluent Connecticut teenager who had a also led a drug-ridden life in New York City, brought J. Anthony Lukas . Lukas' work "."
#79. "Praying for Sheetrock"
Writer: Melissa Fay Greene
Year: 1991
In "" Melissa Fay Greene tells the story of McIntosh County, Georgia, an area that the Civil Rights Movement appeared to have no impact upon. American author, activist, civil rights leader, and the wife of Martin Luther King, Jr., : "An inspiring and absorbing account of the struggle for human dignity and racial equality."
#78. "City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles"
Writer: Mike Davis
Year: 1990
"" by Mike Davis " in a tough, hardhearted city where the ruling elite crushes the poor, whites exploit people of color, public space is turned into fortresses, police abuse the citizenry, and traffic, pollution and urban decay conquer all." "the city that American intellectuals love to hate."
#77. "The Earl of Louisiana"
Writer: A.J. Liebling
Year: 1961
A.J. Liebling's "" was originally , who experienced a mental breakdown. American writer Adam Gopnik wrote that Liebling's work was the "."
#76. "Here To Stay"
Writer: John Hersey
Year: 1963
"Here To Stay" is a collection of some of John Hersey's journalistic works. In the preface, "will give its readers a draught of adrenalin, that bitter elixer [sic], sufficient sips of which may help put us on our guard against blunderers, tyrants, madmen and ourselves." : "The will to live is the connecting thread that holds together these dramatic and moving true stories of man's indomitability."
#75. "All the President's Men"
Writer: Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
Year: 1974
One of Time magazine's All-Time 100 Best Nonfiction Books, "All the President's Men" details Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's breaking-open of the infamous Watergate scandal. It was published just months prior to President Nixon's resignation. Time cites the book as "the work that brought down a presidency… "
#74. "Notes on Camp"
Writer: Susan Sontag
Year: 1964
Susan Sontag essay, "," discusses 'camp' as a 'sensibility,' rather than a strict idea. Quartz ." Sontag's work is the inspiration for the 2018 Met exhibit: "."
#73. Spanish Civil War photos for Life
Writer: Robert Capa
Year: 1936
Robert Capa captured images that showed "" in the Spanish Civil War. "—to emphasize that those who suffer the effects of war are individuals with whom the viewer of the photographs cannot help but identify," said author Richard Whelan in "."
#72. "The Executioner's Song"
Writer: Norman Mailer
Year: 1979
"" follows the life and death of notorious murderer Gary Gilmore, who demanded his execution after the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976 Georgia. Norman Mailer's work resulted in him being .
#71. Report on killings of Howard Unruh in the New York Times
Writer: Meyer Berger
Year: 1949
Meyer Berger covered the murderous acts of 28-year-old Howard B. Unruh, a veteran who killed 12 people in Camden, New Jersey on Sept. 8, 1949. Berger's on the mass killings earned him a .
#70. "The New Yorker Book of War Pieces"
Writer: The New Yorker
Year: 1947
"" is a collection of World War II writings published by The New Yorker from September 1939 to August 1946. The features work from numerous authors, including John Hersey and A.J. Liebling.
#69. "Go for Broke," in Carter's Delta Democrat-Times (Greenville, MS)
Writer: Hodding Carter, Jr.
Year: 1945
Hodding Carter, Jr. was awarded the for his editorials , including "." Carter faced two violent and racially charged incidents in his childhood, which "."
#68. Photograph of Marines raising a U. S. flag on Mount Suribachi on the island of Iwo Jima
Writer: Joe Rosenthal
Year: 1945
of U.S. Marines raising the American flag on Iwo Jima, taken Feb. 23, 1945 during World War II. CNN's "The image was so inspiring that, by 1945 standards, it went viral."
#67. "The Promised Land"
Writer: Nicholas Lemann
Year: 1991
"The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America," is a New York Times bestseller. Penguin Random House calls Nicholas Lemann's work, ""
#66. "Reporting"
Writer: Lillian Ross
Year: 1964
Ernest Hemingway called New Yorker writer Lillian Ross' work in "Reporting" "" Ross on her work in "Reporting," as well as sharing a never-before published piece on Hollywood.
#65. Photographs for Life magazine following the defeat of Germany
Writer: Margaret Bourke-White
Year: 1945
Margaret Bourke-White was hired at Life magazine, the first photographer for Fortune magazine, and the first Western photographer allowed into the Soviet Union. It is believed that of the Kremlin, giving her the opportunity to take a portrait of Josef Stalin.
#64. Early essays for the New Republic
Writer: Walter Lippmann
Year: 1914
Walter Lippman, , was one of the magazine. Lippman helped form the and was a U.S. delegate to the of 1919.
#63. Documentary on Vietnam
Writer: Walter Cronkite
Year: 1968
Walter Cronkite, the anchor of "The CBS Evening News" during the Cold War, had "never taken a public position on the war"—until he returned home from Vietnam in a helicopter carrying the remains of 12 U.S. Marines. Cronkite finally : "[I]t is increasingly clear to this reporter that the only rational way out then will be to negotiate, not as victors, but as an honorable people who lived up to their pledge to defend democracy, and did the best they could."
#62. Series of columns: "1001 Afternoons in Chicago"
Writer: Ben Hecht
Year: 1922
"" by Ben Hecht began as a daily column for the Chicago Daily News, in which he wrote fictitious character sketches set in Chicago's urban environment. The book is a .
#61. Account in the New York Herald-Tribune of being over Japan in a bomber when World War II came to an end
Writer: Homer Bigart
Year: 1945
New York Herald-Tribune reporter Homer Bigart was for his coverage of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on Aug. 6, 1945. : "We walked today through Hiroshima, where survivors of the first atomic-bomb explosion four weeks ago are still dying at the rate of about one hundred daily from burns and infections which the Japanese doctors seem unable to cure."
#60. "Franks and Beans," in the New York Times
Writer: Russell Baker
Year: 1975
"," by Russell Baker is "a devastating parody of gourmet cuisine first published on the Times' good, gray editorial page in 1975," . "The meal opened," he writes as a just-folks gourmet, "with a 1975 Diet Pepsi served in a disposable bottle. Although its bouquet was negligible, its distinct metallic aftertaste evoked memories of tin cans one had licked experimentally in the first flush of childhood's curiosity."
#59. "The Fate of the Earth"
Writer: Jonathan Schell
Year: 1982
"" by Jonathan Schell, "" The New Republic's Max Lerner said of Schell's work: "There have been thousands of commentaries on what this new destructive power of man means; but my guess is that Schell's book ... will become the classic statement of the emerging consciousness."
#58. "What It Takes: The Way to the White House"
Writer: Richard Ben Cramer
Year: 1992
Richard Ben Cramer's 1,047-page book is on the six candidates of the 1988 presidential race: George H.W. Bush, Bob Dole, Dick Gephardt, Joe Biden, Gary Hart, and Michael Dukakis. : "'What It Takes: The Way to the White House,' the full title, isn't one of those pleasurable books you read once … It's just as worthwhile to dip back in and read a few pages as it is to plow through the entire thing."
#57. "Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire"
Writer: David Remnick
Year: 1993
David Remnick's work, "," is his account of the Soviet Union's collapse. "The book is a collection of these interviews as well as personal recollections of a Western journalist witnessing historical change in the former Soviet Union," .
#56. "Titicut Follies"
Writer: Frederick Wiseman
Year: 1967
Director Frederick Wiseman's " for the criminally insane in Bridgewater, Massachusetts circa 1967." was banned before it 1967 New York Film Festival premiere. : "I like to think the movie may have contributed to [Bridgewater closing], but I actually have no idea."
#55. Live broadcast of Army-McCarthy hearings
Writer: ABC
Year: 1954
ABC broadcast , which have been called "," according to the AP. This journalistic work also ""
#54. "The John McPhee Reader"
Writer: John McPhee
Year: 1976
"" is a selection of work from McPhee's first 12 books. : "McPhee ranges over American culture with an amplitude and intelligence that marks a singular presence in American literature."
#53. Reporting from the Soviet Union for the New York Times
Writer: Harrison Salisbury
Year: 1949–54
New York Times correspondent Harrison Salisbury was for his article series, "Russia Re-Viewed." Salisbury's articles "made a valuable contribution to American understanding of what is going on inside Russia."
#52. "Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-63"
Writer: Taylor Branch
Year: 1988
Taylor Branch's "" is a three-volume history of the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King Jr. Branch received the as well as the Anisfield-Wolf Award that same year.
#51. Philadelphia Inquirer series: "America: What Went Wrong"
Writer: Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele
Year: 1991
Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele's 1991 nine-part series in The Philadelphia Inquirer "." Also published in book form in 1992, "," exposed how impacts everyone.
#50. "Part of Our Time: Some Ruins and Monuments of the Thirties"
Writer: Murray Kempton
Year: 1955
Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Murray Kempton brings the turbulent 1930s to life "." A review for "Part of Our Time: Some Ruins and Monuments of the Thirties" said: "In presenting his segments of history Kempton uses the technique of the novelist—and it comes off brilliantly."
#49. "America Comes of Middle Age: Columns 1950-1962"
Writer: Murray Kempton
Year: 1963
Also written by Kempton, "" is a collection of his New York Post columns. A wrote of Kempton: "It's a rare, rare gift to write journalism that stands as history and literature both. It is the gift Kempton had."
#48. "The Right Stuff"
Writer: Tom Wolfe
Year: 1979
Tom Wolfe's book, "The Right Stuff," is an account of the early days of the United States' manned space program. Wolfe wrote the profiles of NASA's first astronaut class—. The book also covered the first pilot to break the sound barrier in 1947.
#47. "The Wayward Pressman"
Writer: A. J. Liebling
Year: 1947
A collection of articles, "" takes its name from the regular , which in the mid-1940s. "Liebling addresses his own affinity for newspapers, the differences between newspapers and other printed texts, and the role of the journalist in society, in addition to his evaluations of the priorities and performances of various American newspapers," according to B&B Rare Books.
#46. "A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam"
Writer: Neil Sheehan
Year: 1988
In "A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam," author Neil Sheehan "orchestrates a great fugue evoking all the elements of the war," said . Sheehan focuses in on a man named Lt. Col. John Paul Vann, who perished in a helicopter crash in 1972 Vietnam.
#45. "Paris Journals" in The New Yorker
Writer: Janet Flanner (Genet)
Year: 1944–45
American used the pen-name "Genêt" to write her biweekly column for The New Yorker while living in Paris. Flanner was a part of the American expatriate community, which also included Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, E.E. Cummings, and Gertrude Stein. In a piece for the Paris Review, , "[Flanner's] assignment from The New Yorker was to report merely 'what the French thought was going on in France,' but she slowly added her own insight and taut analysis to what she saw, heard, and read, giving birth to that special brand of essay-reporting that made her famous."
#44. Reporting on AIDS
Writer: Randy Shilts
Year: 1981–85
Randy Shilts was the first openly gay journalist to report for a mainstream daily once he was . "Initially assigned to cover the gay community, his articles about an alarming new disease striking gay men were among the first reports on AIDS in the mainstream press," .
#43. "Fame and Obscurity: Portraits by Gay Talese"
Writer: Gay Talese
Year: 1970
Gay Talese's about New York City and includes many pieces written for Esquire. The book also includes famous celebrity profiles by Talese, including .
#42. "Trash, Art, and the Movies"
Writer: Pauline Kael
Year: 1969
"," published in the February 1969 issues of Harper's Magazine, was written by New Yorker film critic Pauline Kael. "What Kael understood is that the American predilection for trash wasn't a failing of taste so much as it was a deliberate resistance to it. We hate whatever you like. She knew that deep in the American psyche and soul was an implacable contrarianism—a desire to tear down the structures the elites had erected," .
#41. Photograph of a burning girl running from a napalm attack
Writer: Huỳnh Công Út
Year: 1972
Professionally known as Nick Ut, Huỳnh Công Út is the American-Vietnamese photographer that captured 9-year-old Phan Thi Kim Phuc naked, screaming, and running toward him and away from a napalm strike on June 8, 1972, 25 miles northwest of Saigon, Vietnam. Time magazine named Ut's work, "" as one of the 100 most iconic images that have changed the world.
#40. "Letter from the South: Nobody Knows My Name"
Writer: James Baldwin
Year: 1959
in 1957 in "Letter from the South: Nobody Knows My Name." Arriving in the Deep South following time spent in Europe, the author was "," according to Ed Pavlic.
#39. Political cartoons
Writer: Herblock
Year: 1950
Senator Joseph McCarthy was often the target of political cartoonist Herblock in the early 1950s. Herbert L. Block, known as Herblock, . , Herblock's cartoons show "he inherently understood that the evils inflicted in the name of combating communism were not the work of McCarthy alone."
#38. "Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile"
Writer: Ralph Nader
Year: 1965
Ralph Nader's "Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile" changed the auto industry forever by calling out car makers for producing unsafe vehicles. Robert A. Lutz, who was a top executive at BMW, Ford Motor, Chrysler, and General Motors, said of Nader's work: " … I don't like Ralph Nader and I didn't like the book, but there was definitely a role for government in automotive safety."
#37. "The Feminine Mystique"
Writer: Betty Friedan
Year: 1963
Betty Friedan coined the term "" to "describe the societal assumption that women could find fulfillment through housework, marriage, sexual passivity, and child rearing alone." Friedan's "" was a taking place from the 60s to the 80s.
#36. "Up in the Old Hotel and Other Stories"
Writer: Joseph Mitchell
Year: 1992
"" includes from 1938 to 1965. This work "will cause another melancholy soul, someone possessed by what Mr. Mitchell calls his 'graveyard humor,' to look in the waste places of the present city, listen to its lunatic ravings and report back to us, as amply and as sympathetically as Mr. Mitchell has done," in The New York Times.
#35. "The Fire Next Time"
Writer: James Baldwin
Year: 1963
James Baldwin's "" on what marked 100 years since slaves were emancipated. "; great men have done great things here, and will again, and we can make America what America must become," wrote Baldwin—more than 50 years ago.
#34. "The Face of War"
Writer: Martha Gellhorn
Year: 1959
From stories of Polish soldiers fighting on Italy's mountain ranges to accounts of the Spanish Civil War, "" presents Martha Gellhorn's global reporting. Gellhorn "never had problems identifying both as a woman and with men at war," noted , adding that "."
#33. Journalistic reports on the Spanish Civil War
Writer: Ernest Hemingway
Year: 1937–38
Ernest Hemingway contributed 30 journalistic reports, written for the North American Newspaper Alliance, on the . Massachusetts Institute of Technology Professor : ''Together, they make one thing clear. He was not, as some have asserted, a voyeur, a mere tourist of the Spanish Civil War, but a hard-working, risk-taking correspondent who tried and largely succeeded in becoming the professional reporter and witness that the violence and complexity of the war demanded."
#32. "The Road Back to Paris"
Writer: A. J. Liebling
Year: 1944
"" is a series of dispatches A.J. Liebling sent to The New Yorker while from France, England, and North Africa. Liebling focused on telling the personal stories of soldiers while expressing the wish for France's liberation.
#31. Reports on Okie migrant camp life for the San Francisco News
Writer: John Steinbeck
Year: 1936
during the Great Depression for a series, published by The San Francisco News, titled "." , so-called Okies migrated to California during the Dust Bowl, hoping for work but facing more plight. Steinbeck's documentary work served as the basis for his best-selling novel, "The Grapes of Wrath."
#30. Reports on the rise of Hitler in Cosmopolitan and Saturday Evening Post
Writer: Dorothy Thompson
Year: 1931–34
While working as a Cosmopolitan correspondent, —after trying for seven years—finally scheduled an interview with Adolf Hitler, which was titled, "" Thompson called him "the very prototype of the little man," by giving Thompson 24 hours to get out of Germany.
#29. Coverage of German march into Belgium
Writer: Richard Harding Davis
Year: 1914
A classic example of war reportage, Richard Harding Davis , providing a play by play of the German Army's advancements. Davis passed away only a couple of years later after suffering a heart attack in 1916.
#28. "Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families"
Writer: J. Anthony Lukas
Year: 1985
"" by J. Anthony Lukas was awarded the , the National Book Critics Circle Award, and the American Book Award. Lukas' work is "highly readable and brings us as close as we are likely to get to the average person's experiences of urban racial tensions.''
#27. Ten photographs from D-Day
Writer: Robert Capa
Year: 1944
Life magazine's was assigned to photograph American troops as they landed on Omaha Beach on the Normandy coastline on June 6, 1944—also known as D-Day. Capa's images showed the public the view of American soldiers at war. He was : "If your pictures aren't good enough, you're not close enough."
#26. "The Making of the President: 1960"
Writer: Theodore White
Year: 1961
In "," Theodore White gave his account of the 1960 presidential election and John F. Kennedy's win, for which White won the . White's work is said to have in modern day.
#25. "Dispatches"
Writer: Michael Herr
Year: 1977
was written by Michael Herr and details his experiences on the front lines during the Vietnam War. describes the work as "among the most blistering and compassionate accounts of war in our literature." Herr also co-wrote the screenplay to Stanley Kubrick's "Full Metal Jacket."
#24. "The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby"
Writer: Tom Wolfe
Year: 1965
"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby" by Tom Wolfe was . Two years later, Wolfe published his , which presented as a collection of essays about the '60s. The work introduced readers to new styles that veered away from elitist culture.
#23. "Slouching Towards Bethlehem" (collected essays)
Writer: Joan Didion
Year: 1968
Joan Didion's essay collection "" provides a picture of California in the 1960s. The New Yorker details the work as "."
#22. "In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its Consequences"
Writer: Truman Capote
Year: 1965
Truman Capote's nonfiction novel, "," tells the story of the murders of a Kansas family in 1959. Capote is , and focuses heavily on the two young killers. The novel offers insights into American violence.
#21. "Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondant, 1939-1941"
Writer: William Shirer
Year: 1941
William Shirer was best known as a radio journalist for CBS, covering Germany up until the Nazi press censors made his objective approach increasingly tenuous. Fastidiously protecting the identities of his sources, he set out as the first major news figure to shine a light on to the goings on of Nazi Germany by . He continued to chronicle and expose, bookending "Berlin Diary" in 1947 with coverage of the Nuremberg trials.
#20. "Eichmann in Jerusalem"
Writer: Hannah Arendt
Year: 1963
Hannah Arendt, a Jew displaced by fear in the wake of the third Reich, should have no hesitation to loathe and vilify SS officer Eichmann as she examines him facing trial. Instead, the into the mind and motivations of a war criminal, finding him a mindless peon seeking an organization to adopt in place of a personality.
#19. "The Armies of the Night"
Writer: Norman Mailer
Year: 1968
A unique third-hand , Norman Mailer's nonfictional foray into the march on the Pentagon in the wake of the Vietnam War culminates in his own imprisonment and personal debate of the conflict's legitimacy. He finds himself in uncharted territory, neither for nor against—not seeing communism as the evil it was regarded at the time, and laying bare what he saw as American hypocrisy, of wanting to be the good man in search of God, and also of becoming a corporate computer.
#18. "Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test"
Writer: Tom Wolfe
Year: 1968
A nuanced exploration into the beginnings of the hippie movement, Tom Wolfe took three weeks of experience and transformed it into an exploratory reasoning of acid-fuelled misadventures in "." He chronicled collisions with figures of the beatnik movement, and referenced the people who inspired Kerouac's "On the Road." Wolfe's own take stands as a perfect example of the New Journalism style.
#17. "Eyes on the Prize"
Writer: Henry Hampton
Year: 1987
Henry Hampton's account of the Civil Rights movement, "," is considered to be the first black perspective to be given a voice. As a teenage polio sufferer, he limped along with the early marches, not seeing the disenfranchised, poor creatures the white writers of the time reported, but rather a community of strength and purpose.
#16. "I. F. Stones Weekly"
Writer: I.F. Stones
Year: 1953–67
I.F. Stones lived through radical change as he witnessed the Depression, the devastation of World War II, and the establishment of Israel and the Korean war. His outspoken views lead to his marginalization, going from a mainstream media personality to being blacklisted from reporting. His became significant as he alone questioned President Lyndon B. Johnson's account of the Gulf of Tonkin incident, and further criticized the Vietnam war.
#15. "The Souls of Black Folk"
Writer: W.E.B. DuBois
Year: 1903
W.E.B. DuBois is a famous activist in his own right and was the first black man to receive a Harvard doctorate. Through a thematically linked essay structure, DuBois dissects what it means to be black in America in "," a work many regard as an important gift to the African-American community.
#14. "Let Us Now Praise Famous Men"
Writer: James Agee and Walker Evans
Year: 1941
Grown from an article about sharecroppers in the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression, Agee is sensitive of his privilege in the face of poverty. He is backed by Walker Evans' photos as the work in "" moves between mundane observations and nontraditional journalism.
#13. Publication of the Pentagon Papers
Writer: The New York Times
Year: 1971
The New York Times won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service when it produced its series. The Times ", describing deceptions that several presidential administrations had employed to keep Americans ignorant of U.S. policy in South Vietnam."
#12. Investigation of massacre committed by American soldiers at My Lai in Vietnam
Writer: Seymour Hersh
Year: 1969
In reports published in the New Yorker, Seymour Hersh writes about the investigation of the in the coastal northeastern South Vietnam province of Quang Ngai on March 16, 1968. It was kept quiet until a year later, when an describing the murders.
#11. CBS Reports documentary "Harvest of Shame"
Writer: Edward R. Murrow, David Lowe, and Fred Friendly
Year: 1960
"Harvest of Shame," is a Peabody Award-winning documentary presented on CBS by Edward R. Murrow in 1960 on the day after Thanksgiving. The broadcast "is considered a milestone for its unflinching examination of the plight of migrant farmworkers in the United States," according to NPR's Elizabeth Blair.
#10. See It Now documentary taking on Senator Joseph McCarthy
Writer: Edward R. Murrow
Year: 1954
's anti-communist methods on March 9, 1954 on Murrow's television show, "." This broadcast "has been referred to ."
#9. Reports from Europe and the Pacific during World War II
Writer: Ernie Pyle
Year: 1940–45
to report on the Battle of Britain during World War II in 1940. "Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, read his columns daily and commented enthusiastically on them in her newspaper column, 'My Day,'" .
#8. Coverage of the Scopes "monkey" trial
Writer: H.L. Mencken
Year: 1925
in Dayton, Tennessee, was published in The Baltimore Evening Sun in June through September of 1925. Mencken reported on the trial of John T. Scopes, who was .
#7. "Ten Days That Shook the World"
Writer: John Reed
Year: 1919
American journalist John Reed shared his account of Russia's October Revolution in 1917 in "." "the product of passionate involvement" that remains "an unsurpassed classic of reporting."
#6. "The Shame of the Cities"
Writer: Lincoln Steffens
Year: 1902–1904 (book 1904)
"" by Lincoln Steffens helped expose corrupt municipal governments in St. Louis, Minneapolis, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Chicago, and New York. "In all cities, the better classes—the business men—are the sources of corruption,'' Steffens wrote.
#5. "The History of the Standard Oil Company" investigation
Writer: Ida Tarbell
Year: 1902–1904 (book 1904)
in Ohio and Western Pennsylvania affected when John D. Rockefeller, Sr. introduced Standard Oil Company—the oil war of 1872. Three decades later Ida Tarbell produced a 19-part series of investigative reports, bringing down Standard Oil's monopoly, becoming "." She also called "."
#4. "This is London" radio reports for CBS on the German bombing of London. Also collected in book form.
Writer: Edward R. Murrow
Year: 1940
CBS's by Nazi Germany in World War II's Battle of Britain. Murrow's reports were broadcasted to American listeners from a BBC facility in London, allowing listeners to hear the sounds of war.
#3. Watergate investigations for the Washington Post
Writer: Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
Year: 1972–73
On Sunday, June 18, 1972, the Washington Post published the article, ""—t³ó±ð , which led to the first U.S. presidential resignation. Along with the first report, and also authored: ";" ";" "; and "."
#2. "Silent Spring"
Writer: Rachel Carson
Year: 1962
Rachel Carson's "" is a (DDT) on human life, as well as animals and insects. The three-part series, which was published in The New Yorker, "" according to the Natural Resources Defense Council.
#1. "Hiroshima"
Writer: John Hersey
Year: 1946
published in The New Yorker, of the catastrophic atomic bomb dropped on Japan on Aug. 6, 1945. Hersey's words revealed the horror of the first atom bomb ever to be dropped on a city.