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Deaths: 10,038

Stopping breastfeeding an infant suddenly can lead to a number of health problems, which is why health organizations young children slowly and gradually introducing other foods. In 2016, discontinued breastfeeding was the risk factor leading to deaths in children under the age of five.
 

Deaths: 20,950

Left untreated, an iron deficiency—also known as anemia—can result in death. Inherited anemia, like sickle cell anemia, . People with anemia who lose large amounts of blood quickly may experience acute anemia, which can result in death. To avoid an iron deficiency, people should eat a vitamin-rich diet. Those who live in regions where malaria is a problem should take extra precautions, as the disease can sometimes result in anemia as a complication.

Deaths: 25,088

Zinc is an essential mineral that’s crucial for immune function, healing and growth. Because the body has , people must ingest the mineral daily, whether through food or supplements. A zinc deficiency is difficult to diagnose, because many of the symptoms, such as weight loss, hair loss, and diarrhea, can also be associated with other illnesses.

Deaths: 42,183

Vitamin A deficiency increases the chance of disease and death from severe infections, and is also the leading cause of preventable blindness in children. The issue is a problem in , particularly in Africa and southeast Asia. The best way to protect children from vitamin A deficiency is through breastfeeding, since breast milk naturally contains a high amount.
 

Deaths: 144,110

Non-exclusive breastfeeding is when an infant younger than six months old is given other foods or fluids in addition to breast milk. Across the world, by inappropriate infant feeding practices. Non-exclusive breastfeeding can also limit the full absorption of nutrients from breast milk, as well as increase the risk for diarrhea and acute respiratory infections.

Deaths: 162,189

Stunting is impaired growth and development caused by improper nutrition and infection. Stunting during childhood , educational impairments, lost productivity, and an increased risk of nutrition-related chronic illnesses. 
 

Deaths: 441,226

Low bone mineral density, also called osteoporosis or osteopenia, creates weak bones and increases the risk for breakage. People with low bone mass by eating calcium- and vitamin D-rich foods, as well as doing light to medium weight-bearing exercises. Medical professionals may also be able to prescribe medications, including annual calcium infusions, to prevent low bone mass.
 

Deaths: 451,822

More than 72,000 Americans , representing a two-fold increase within the past decade. The largest increase occurred among deaths related to opioids— particularly fentanyl, a potent opioid. From 2002 to 2017, there was more than a sevenfold increase in the total number of heroin-related deaths in the United States. Between 2010 and 2017, there was a more than a threefold increase in cocaine-related deaths.


 

Deaths: 750,336

People with low access to sanitation facilities—including hand-washing facilities and flushing toilets—experience an increase in diarrheal disease deaths. In 2015, Kenya had the due to lack of sanitation, with only 30 percent of the population having access to facilities.

Deaths: 778,370

Low-weight newborns face an increased risk of death . Maternal smoking and poor nutrition during pregnancy are two factors known to cause a lower birth weight in babies.
 

Deaths: 883,931

Even short periods of exposure to secondhand smoke can be harmful to one’s health, and living with a smoker by 20 to 30 percent. Secondhand smoke can cause other serious health problems as well, like heart disease and respiratory illness.
 

Deaths: 898,239

Disease can spread quickly without proper sanitation, and can lead to severe health problems, including dehydration and malnutrition. , which thrive in bacteria-rich environments, can also cause diarrhea. Widespread diarrhea and poor sanitation can lead to dysentery, cholera, giardia and typhoid.
 

Deaths: 906,386

Wasting, defined as a low weight for one’s height, is a strong predictor of mortality for children under the age of five—usually the result of malnutrition. Across the globe,

Deaths: 1.1 million

Unprotected sex can transmit diseases like HIV/AIDS, which can lead to recurring infections that shorten the lives of those affected. Other STDs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea, may not have immediate symptoms and can be treated. 

 

Deaths: 1.16 million

At least two billion people worldwide rely on a drinking water sources that are often contaminated, and this water is each year. People who drink untreated water are at risk for cholera, dysentery, typhoid and polio. In developing countries, 35 percent of health facilities lack clean water and soap for hand-washing.

 

Deaths: 1.37 million

Those who engage in minimal physical activity , heart disease and type 2 diabetes. A sedentary lifestyle may also increase one’s risk for certain cancers and can affect people mentally as well, contributing to anxiety and depression.
 

Deaths: 1.52 million

Vegetables are an essential source of nutrients, including potassium, fiber, folate, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Potassium-rich diets , while fiber is important for proper bowel function and folate helps the body form red blood cells. Vegetables are naturally low in calories and fat, as well, and none contain artery-blocking “bad” cholesterol.
 

Deaths: 2.36 million

Not eating enough fresh produce contributes to about 14 percent of gastrointestinal cancer deaths, 11 percent of ischaemic heart disease deaths and nine percent of stroke deaths worldwide. There is evidence that a diet high in fruits and vegetables , diabetes and certain cancers.
 

Deaths: 2.58 million

About three billion people worldwide cook using open fires or stoves fueled by coal or kerosene that can contaminate the air in one’s household. This like stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. About half of pneumonia-related deaths in children under the age of five are caused by inhaling soot from cooking fires.

Deaths: 2.81 million

Long-term alcohol abuse can have detrimental health effects, not limited to internal bleeding, pancreatic damage, liver damage, and some cancers. . Long-term abuse use can damage brain cells, causing memory loss and behavioral changes.
 

Deaths: 4.09 million

People living in countries with high levels of air pollution are at risk for heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. In 2016, 91 percent of the global population set by the World Health Organization. In addition, 91 percent of premature deaths due to poor air quality occur in low- and middle-income countries.
 

Deaths: 4.39 million

While some cholesterol is essential for optimal organ function, high amounts of this waxy substance found in some forms of fat can lead to heart disease. The through arteries, which can cause a heart attack or stroke.
 

Deaths: 4.53 million

The body mass index is one way to diagnose obesity. People with a , heart disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, kidney disease, and metabolic disorder. Pregnant individuals with a high BMI are at increased risk for gestational complications.
 

Deaths: 5.61 million

Having high blood sugar for a long period of time can damage the vessels that supply blood to the organs, which can lead to kidney disease, heart disease, vision impairment and nerve damage. High blood sugar right away, so it’s important that people who consume large amounts of sugar closely monitor their overall health.
 

Deaths: 6.32 million

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, causing nearly one in five deaths. Smoking , and about 80 percent of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking is known to increase the risk for multiple types of cancer.
 

Deaths: 10.46 million

High blood pressure can increase one’s risk of death from heart disease and stroke. ; however, doctors routinely check blood pressure during medical examinations, making it essential for those at risk to schedule regular check-ups.