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Why more doctors are prescribing GLP-1s for small amounts of weight loss

GLP-1 medications like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Zepbound have quickly become tools for helping people with obesity and diabetes lose weight and lower blood sugar. But emerging research suggests these medicines may also offer healthspan–extending benefits for people without these conditions.

A growing number of clinicians view GLP-1 medications as an essential ingredient in a well-rounded optimization program, even for people who don’t meet the current prescribing criteria.

While GLP-1 medications shouldn’t replace exercise, nutrition, sleep, and other healthy lifestyle changes, weight loss medications may enhance weight loss, and in many cases, make lifestyle changes possible, reports.

The Problems with Current GLP-1 Guidelines

Traditional medicine waits to prescribe GLP-1 medications until a patient’s BMI hits 30 (obesity) or 27 with at least one weight-related health condition, such as or high cholesterol. Clinicians can prescribe GLP-1s off-label for people with BMIs below 27, but insurance rarely picks up the tab.

Unfortunately, —which measures only weight and height—is a poor gauge of and overall health. It’s especially problematic for people between the clinical diagnoses of “overweight” and “obesity.” Here’s why:

Muscle mass and bone density skew BMI

BMI doesn’t reflect the difference between the weight of muscle and fat. Based on BMI alone, some would qualify for GLP-1 treatment under current FDA guidelines, even though they don’t need it. A growing number of experts believe patients with BMIs of 25 or 26 who have low muscle mass (“skinny fat”) might benefit metabolically from the medication.

People with BMIs under 30 can be metabolically unhealthy

Where you carry fat on your body—a metric —can mean the difference between healthy and unhealthy. , found around vital organs like the liver and pancreas, raises inflammation and accelerates more than subcutaneous fat, which resides just under the skin. People with tend to have higher cholesterol, , and blood pressure at a given body weight than those whose fat is more evenly distributed around the body (“hourglass” or “pear-shaped”).

BMI doesn’t reflect patterns

Two people can have the same BMI but drastically different future health risks. Compare two people at the same BMI, one with relatively higher muscle mass than the other. The first person will have an easier time keeping a stable weight, and the second is more likely to consistently gain, inching their way toward diabetes and . (Most women tend to gain and in midlife.) Current FDA guidelines recommend waiting until this latter person becomes sick or obese (or both) to treat them with a GLP-1 medication. But by stopping and reversing this creeping , early intervention with a GLP-1 can prevent the resulting cascade of health problems.

A New Obesity Definition

Because BMI is such a flawed metric, the Lancet Commission—made up of 58 experts from multiple medical specialties and countries—in 2025 recommended redefining “overweight” as “preclinical obesity”—a nod to the fact that carrying extra weight .

And earlier this year, the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) released a that includes many people who previously would have been considered overweight.

According to this new framework, people with a BMI of 25 or higher would be classified as having obesity if they also:

• Have a waist-to-height ratio of 0.5 or greater
• Have been diagnosed with medical, functional, or psychological issues related to excess body fat, such as elevated blood glucose, , , or binge eating.

Roughly one in five adults previously defined as overweight would be considered obese based on the new EASO definition—and would therefore be eligible for insurance reimbursement for GLP-1 treatment, according to a published in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Why Even Small Weight Loss Matters

People who are overweight (BMI in the 25 to 30 range) drop less weight on GLP-1s than those with clinical obesity, losing just 5%-10% of their body weight on average versus 15%-20% for the obese cohort.

These smaller losses may not seem as dramatic. However, they make major differences for longevity.

Hundreds of studies have linked small changes in weight to big benefits:

• Lower blood pressure: Reducing BMI by just 2.27 points—e.g., going from a BMI of 26 to a BMI of 23.7, or losing about 20 pounds—can lower systolic and diastolic by 5.79 mmHg and 3.36 mmHg, .
• Lessen knee pain: A is enough to resolve in some people.
• Reduce cancer risk: Losing just 11 pounds is enough to significantly lower the risk of many types of , including breast, ovarian, and colon, according to an .
• Lower diabetes risk: In people with elevated blood sugar, for every 2.2 pounds of weight loss, the risk of developing diabetes . In , losing just 5% of total body weight was enough to improve the function of insulin-secreting beta cells as well as insulin sensitivity.
• Improve blood lipids: Improvements in triglycerides—fats in the blood—start with as little as . When people of their body weight, total and LDL levels also improve.
• Promote : Losing 5% or more of one’s body weight is the number of respiratory events people with sleep apnea experience, and also improves and .

GLP-1s by slowing the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract, increasing fullness, and . Along the way, they help reduce inflammation and directly heart, liver, and brain health, lessening the severity of sleep apnea, reducing the risk of heart attacks and , , and .

Newly emerging indications for GLP-1 medications—including heart disease, metabolic liver disease, peripheral artery disease, Alzheimer’s/dementia risk, and even alcohol and substance use disorders, as highlighted in a —suggest these drugs may soon play a much broader role in medicine than just treating diabetes or obesity. Taken together, the evidence points to a future where eligibility for GLP-1 treatment could expand significantly as guidelines catch up with the science.

Why GLP-1 Drugs Aren’t “Cheating”

Unfortunately, while growing numbers of clinicians understand the many benefits of for early intervention and metabolic health optimization, not everyone is on board. Many traditional healthcare professionals either refuse to entertain any or derisively tell patients they just need to try harder.

But GLP-1s are not a crutch or a form of cheating. It’s the opposite: Most people won’t lose 5% or more of their body weight without medical treatment.

Research shows that only about one in 10 people with a BMI of 25 or higher will and keep it off with lifestyle changes alone.

For the remaining nine in 10, a GLP-1 prescription can serve as a jumpstart, helping them lose enough weight to make important lifestyle changes possible. Others consider it simply leveling the playing field for individuals who’ve inherited genes associated with obesity.

Reduced cravings, food noise

“Food noise” is a relatively new term used to describe the incessant mental chatter around food that leads to overeating.

GLP-1s help quiet by influencing the release of in the reward center of the brain. As their food noise ebbs, people say they finally have the cognitive bandwidth to stick to —reaching for more veggies, legumes, lean proteins,and fewer sweets and chips.

Improved self-confidence

Losing even a little weight on GLP-1s, often just 10 to 30 pounds, often translates to vast improvements in self-esteem, which fuels in a positive feedback loop.

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