Comparing states with the highest and lowest personal debt and income levels

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April 26, 2022
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Comparing states with the highest and lowest personal debt and income levels

Americans collectively owe more than $15.3 trillion in personal debt, accrued by financing homes and cars, taking out loans to attend college, or simply by using credit cards. Debt isn鈥檛 necessarily a sign of borrowers living beyond their means or buying irresponsibly, though. It鈥檚 often used as a tool to achieve financial goals that can have long-term benefits, such as buying a home to build equity over many years. Debt and income profiles of every state vary significantly when factors such as housing prices, cost of living, and economic opportunities are considered.

While not a factor in credit scores, lenders consider the balance between an applicant鈥檚 debt and personal income when deciding to approve applications for credit and when setting terms on the account, like interest rates. The more of your income used to pay off debt, the more difficult it might be to get approved.

compared data from its consumer credit database with statistics to calculate the states with the highest and lowest ratios of personal debt to income. Average personal income figures are from the BEA, while personal debt balances are derived from Experian's consumer credit database as of the third quarter (Q3) of 2021. In addition, trends in homeownership, student loan debt, auto and payday loans, credit card utilization, and wages are used to contextualize each state鈥檚 debt profile.

There are many factors at play when discussing debt profiles, however, and not all of them can be included in this analysis. For instance, the ratio between personal debt and income levels fails to capture the complete financial picture of 鈥渃redit invisibles鈥濃鈥攁s well as systemic disparities in lending practices. 

In addition to the ever-present influences on both debt and income, the pandemic highlighted the different financial realities for people across the country. While many lost their jobs or suffered financial hardships, others found their situations improved. States inlcuding Idaho and Utah, with burgeoning economies and are perfect examples of the widening economic gap: While Americans in some states were buying dream homes and driving a local economic boom, others elsewhere were struggling to get by.

National figures

Where you live can significantly impact your debt load. To illustrate the differences between states, particularly those with the highest and lowest ratios of personal income and debt, we鈥檝e listed the national debt averages for mortgages, student loans, auto loans, and credit cards for individuals with each debt type. For Americans who carry mortgages, their home financing debt is more than 10 times the amount of the average auto loan. That mortgage number can climb drastically if the state has a competitive housing market and strong economy鈥攖wo major factors that can determine how much individuals need to borrow to afford a home. The more expensive the state, the more debt load they may have to take on to live there.    

-Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 1.50
- Average personal income: $62,866
- Average personal debt: $94,321

Average debt among those who hold debt in each category:
- Average mortgage: $220,294 
- Average student loans: $39,487 
- Average auto loans: $20,987 
- Average credit card: $5,878 

Highest: #1. Hawaii

- Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 2.25
- Average personal debt: $138,274
- Average personal income: $61,549

Hawaiians have the third highest-average personal debt behind residents of Washington D.C.  and Colorado. Hawaii鈥檚 cost of living is high鈥than the national average and the highest in the country in 2021鈥攁nd personal income on the island state is only slightly higher than the national average. In 2021, by the Hawaii Journal of Health and Social Welfare found that the pandemic hit the tourism economy of the state hard. It found that 73% of respondents considered themselves financially vulnerable, with more than 29% reporting that they live paycheck to paycheck.

Highest: #2. Utah

- Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 2.22
- Average personal debt: $122,474
- Average personal income: $55,229

Utah has the fastest-growing economy in the U.S., according to the , with annual GDP soaring by more than 30% over the last decade鈥攁n increase of roughly $45 billion since 2010.鈥 This economic expansion鈥攃ombined with an influx of families, young professionals, and out-of-state migrants鈥攈as been a boon to the housing industry, with in 2021鈥攁bout than the national median. Utah ranks 12th in the nation for average mortgage debt.  

Highest: #3. Colorado

- Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 2.06
- Average personal debt: $140,327
- Average personal income: $68,106

Residents of Colorado have the second-highest overall personal debt load in the country behind Washington D.C. The majority of the debt load stems from mortgages and skyrocketing real estate prices. In  Among Colorado residents who carry a mortgage, the average mortgage debt amount is $295,000鈥攖he fifth-highest average in the country. 

Highest: #4. Idaho

- Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 2.05
- Average personal debt: $104,944
- Average personal income: $51,204

Known as the Gem State, Idaho is a hidden treasure no longer. Even before the pandemic gave some remote workers the flexibility to relocate and work from anywhere, in the country. The state netted more than from 2020 to 2021 alone, according to U.S. Census Bureau estimates. Much of Idaho鈥檚 debt is in housing鈥攏ot surprising, perhaps, considering the state has one of the in the country at nearly 72%. Home prices soared by between 2020 and 2021鈥攖he biggest increase of any state. Despite Idaho having the 15th highest average personal debt load, it has one of the lowest average personal income rates in the country. 

Highest: #5. Arizona

- Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 2.01
- Average personal debt: $103,326
- Average personal income: $51,381

Home prices in Arizona rose 29.5% between 2020 and 2021. In Phoenix, the state's capital and largest city, prices rose by 30%鈥攎ore than any other city in the country. Over that same period, the cost of living in the Phoenix region . In January 2022, Arizona to track with increases in the consumer price index. Still, Arizona ranks among the bottom ten states with an average personal income roughly $9,000 lower than the national average. 

Lowest: #1. New York

- Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 1.12
- Average personal debt: $87,353
- Average personal income: $78,252

New York鈥檚 remarkably low personal debt to income level ratio is not exactly what it seems. of the state鈥檚 population lives in New York City, one of the most expensive places in the world to reside鈥攖he cost of living is so high that most residents can鈥檛 afford to accrue debt by purchasing things like homes and cars. At 54.2%, New York has the second-lowest in the country behind Washington D.C. The state has the fourth-highest average personal income鈥攎ore than $17,000 more than the national average, but that varies drastically across the state itself. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the were more than double that of many of the largest counties upstate.

Lowest: #2. Pennsylvania

- Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 1.24
- Average personal debt: $79,686
- Average personal income: $64,514

Pennsylvania has one of the highest shares of , but the state鈥檚 economy has been one of the slowest to recover from the pandemic. In 2020, personal consumption expenditures鈥攐r spending on goods and services like cars, groceries, and house cleaning鈥 in Pennsylvania, according to the BEA. The state also saw one of the between July 2020 and 2021, with 25,569 residents leaving the state. Homeownership rates, on the whole, are also expected to decline over the next two decades, with most severely impacted.

Lowest: #3. Ohio

- Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 1.27
- Average personal debt: $70,747
- Average personal income: $55,842

In every major debt category, residents of Ohio carry less debt than the national average. Notably, the average mortgage balance in Ohio is nearly $73,000 less than the national average, making it the third-lowest in the country. However, the state has one of the highest rates of due to slow economic recovery from the 2008 recession and unemployment rates above the national average. Despite the state鈥檚 slow economic expansion, the state is making progress toward closing the racial homeownership gap. Ohio is projected to be one of the top 10 states with the most significant by 2040, according to the Urban Institute鈥檚 Housing and Finance Report.

Lowest: #4. Illinois

- Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 1.27
- Average personal debt: $85,991
- Average personal income: $67,655

Among consumers in Illinois, 1 in 10 has filed for bankruptcy, making the state and the average amount of debt that gets erased. Illinois鈥 housing sales and prices, already on a low and slow trajectory prior to the pandemic, seem to have been skipped over by the real estate explosion of the past several years. Personal , increasing by just 1.1% since the Great Recession of 2007. Mississippi was the only state that experienced slower income growth. 

Lowest: #5. Nebraska

- Ratio of personal debt compared to income: 1.28
- Average personal debt: $79,916
- Average personal income: $62,432

Nebraskans鈥 low cost of living and robust job market are two big reasons why debt levels are comparatively low compared to the rest of the country. Unlike some states with sluggish economies, Nebraska has one of in the country at 1.7%. Even with a strong job market, it still manages to be one of the most affordable places to live. The median home sale price in Nebraska at the end of 2021 was $246,000, . Homeowners in the state carry some of the lowest average mortgage balances at $153,621, more than $50,000 less than the national average.

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